Vice Chancellor of the University of Ghana, Professor Nana Aba Appiah Amfo, has warned that the world risks missing out on Africa’s rich cultural representation without a clear and intentional inclusion of African languages in the global artificial intelligence revolution.

She said this while delivering the 5th Warwick Distinguished Africa Lecture at the University of Warwick in the United Kingdom on Thursday, June 11, 2026.

Her lecture, titled “Whose Language Counts? African Voices, Knowledge Systems, and the Future of AI,” made the case that without embedding African languages in the design of Artificial Intelligence, the systems being built to serve the world will serve only part of it.

Despite the continent’s over 2,000 living languages, spoken by more than 1.4 billion people, a recent UNESCO report described African languages as a “blind spot in AI”.

Prof Appiah Amfo, who is also the Chairperson of the Association of Commonwealth Universities, said this is not because they lack complexity, but because they remain dramatically underrepresented in the database on which large language models are trained.

She argued that: “When a language is absent from the digital corpus, it is not merely a translation problem. It is a visibility problem. It is a knowledge problem. And ultimately, it becomes a question of justice.”

According to her, the problem is deeper than linguistics. She insisted that when AI is trained mainly on English and other dominant languages, it creates an inequitable system where Western knowledge frameworks are passed on as universal, while African philosophical traditions, oral knowledge systems, and indigenous nuances remain unseen.

At the University of Ghana, for instance, a group of students is building the “Nana Aba AI”, an innovative voice assistant modelled on the Vice-Chancellor herself to help students and staff with verified information on different parts of university life.

However, after encountering it, she noted: “The system could reproduce 'me' in English with considerable success. The moment it encountered Ghanaian names, places, and phrases, the voice I was hearing no longer sounded like me.

"My own name did not sound like mine. I have now been tasked to record my voice in a studio so the system can learn what I actually sound like when I speak Ghanaian languages or mention Ghanaian names. That is a precise illustration of what is wrong. AI does not struggle with African languages because they are too complex. It struggles because we have not yet been seen.

“So, the question is not whether Africa will participate in AI. Africa is already participating. The question is: will Africa participate merely as a consumer of externally developed systems, or will Africa help shape the languages, values, assumptions, and knowledge structures embedded within those systems?”

The lecture follows the recent launch of Ghana's National AI Strategy, which aims to position the country as a leader in continental efforts towards safeguarding Africa’s future.

The 10-year strategy is backed by a $250m government commitment, which will, among other things, fund the establishment of a world-class artificial intelligence computing centre to develop and improve the natural language processing capabilities in Ghanaian languages.

With the University of Ghana developing and adopting its own AI Policy earlier this year, Prof Appiah Amfo said the university will roll out a compulsory Digital Literacy and Applied AI course for all students from the next academic year, to prepare them to confidently use AI in the future.

Warwick’s Vice‑Chancellor and President, Professor Stuart Croft, said: “It was a pleasure to welcome Professor Amfo to Warwick for this year’s Distinguished Africa Lecture. Her contribution highlights the importance of diverse perspectives in shaping the future of research and innovation.

"Our growing relationship with the University of Ghana reflects a shared commitment to collaboration that is thoughtful, mutually beneficial and grounded in areas of common interest.”

Prof Nana Aba Appiah is the second Ghanaian to deliver the lecture since it started five years ago, following in the stead of former University of Ghana Vice Chancellor, Emeritus Professor Ernest Aryeetey.