A federal judge extended access to the White House for CNN, MS NOW and Politico journalists, ruling on Tuesday that President Donald Trump likely broke the law when he tried to ban them, in the latest ruling against him in the press freedom dispute.

US District Judge Timothy Kelly issued a written decision elaborating on his September 24 emergency order reinstating access for the journalists. The news organisations and press freedom groups have accused Trump of unconstitutional retaliation against journalists for coverage he does not ​like.

Kelly's order last month gave CNN, MS NOW, and Politico journalists temporary access to the White House grounds. The judge ​issued a preliminary injunction on Tuesday that will remain in effect until he issues a final judgment in the lawsuit brought by the news organisations, unless an appeals court lifts it.

Past presidents have battled with the press, but Trump's campaign against ​the media has been unprecedented. He has upended decades of tradition by denying basic access to many major news organisations, launching personal attacks on journalists for their ​reporting and elevating media outlets seen as more sympathetic to the administration. He has also filed lawsuits against multiple news outlets.

Trump announced the ban in September on his social media platform, saying those news organisations "shouldn't be able to constantly write or report FICTION and LIES when they're covering the President of the United States." The Justice Department has emphasised Trump's ​contention that the ban is legally justified on national security grounds.

The outlets have said the revocation of their White House passes was unlawful retaliation for ​their news coverage and accused the Trump administration of manufacturing meritless national security concerns to justify the ban.

The outlets said in a lawsuit that the ban violated the US Constitution's First Amendment protections for freedom of speech and a free press, as well as their rights to due process, meaning fair treatment by the government.

The White House on September 24 reinstated the CNN, MS NOW and Politico journalists after the judge decided the ban "likely violated their constitutional due process rights," and ordered their access immediately restored.

The judge, who Trump appointed in 2017 during his first presidential term, also raised doubts about the US Justice Department's national security arguments to justify the ban, noting that Trump himself had said the action was due to what the president alleged was false or negative coverage.

Justice Department lawyers have said the outlets endangered national security by publishing classified information, citing stories about US missile stockpiles, construction of Trump's White House ballroom and turnout at the recent Republican ​midterm convention.

'COERCE BETTER COVERAGE'

The judge held a hearing on October 8 to hear arguments from the news outlets and the Justice Department over whether to extend protection for journalists against being barred from the White House. The Justice Department defended the bans as fair and justified.

"Here we have the unusual situation where the president himself has said he wants to chill speech. He wants to coerce better coverage," Theodore Boutrous, an attorney for the outlets, told ⁠Kelly during ​the hearing.

"CNN, MS NOW and Politico engaged in apparently indefensible conduct," Justice Department lawyer Michael Velchik ​said.

The legal battle is being waged just weeks before the November 3 US midterm elections in which Trump's fellow Republicans are fighting to retain control of Congress. Trump's job approval ratings are ​at record lows in opinion polls amid concerns over issues such as inflation and the Iran war.