Ghana became a republic on the 1st of July, 1960. A republic is a democratic country headed by a president. The first president of Ghana was Dr. Kwame Nkrumah. He ruled from 1960 till 1966. Since Ghana became a republic fifty-three years ago, the country has done a lot of things for the youth of Ghana. Firstly, in the field of education, the government has changed the middle school system of education at the basic level to the Junior High School system. At the second cycle system, the senior high school system also replaced the secondary school system of five years. The course structure for the academic syllabus has been reviewed. The contents have been modernized in line with technological advancement of the modern world. Secondly, with regard to health, the government has achieved a lot for children. Now in every village and town in Ghana, there is a health centre. The government has also introduced free immunization against the six children killer diseases which are: measles, tuberculosis, polio (poliomyelitis), tetanus, pertussis (whooping cough) and diphtheria. Consequently, the rate of infant mortality is now comparatively low. Expectant mothers attend ante-natal clinics where they are examined and given the right drugs according to the doctor’s diagnosis. Furthermore, the National Health Insurance Scheme has been introduced. Children between the ages of 0-17 years do not pay for the Health Insurance Premium. Children, it is said, are the nation’s greatest assets. Everything must be done, to promote their health so that they will grow and develop into healthy adults. Finally, for the protection and safety of children, Article 28 of the 1992 constitution of Ghana, guarantees the rights of children to special care, maintenance and upbringing, protection against exposure to physical and moral hazards and protection against torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.