Two developments in skin cancer treatment have emerged at a conference of leading oncologists in Chicago. Scientists say a pill called Vemurafenib appears to give patients a greater chance of surviving longer than chemotherapy. It was tested on a group of 675 melanoma patients. And another drug, taken intravenously, called Ipilimumab, is said to give patients with advanced melanoma extra years of life. The results were presented at a meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology in Chicago. During a trial, 84% of patients who took Vemurafenib pills twice a day were still alive six months later. This compares with 64% of those on standard chemotherapy. The drug works by acting on a faulty gene, BRAF, found in half of terminally ill patients whose cancer has spread to other organs. The results were so impressive that the British experts running the trial stopped it early so they could switch all patients in the group over to Vemurafenib. And trials showed the drug reduced the risk of the disease worsening by 74%, compared with chemotherapy. Meanwhile, trial results from another study show that a one-course infusion treatment of Ipilimumab may extend the survival of patients with advanced melanoma. Enormous advance Several patients have lived for years when they might otherwise have died in weeks or months. At least one is still alive five years after receiving the treatment. Research is now being conducted to find out whether Vemurafenib could be used for other cancers, including ovarian, thyroid and bowel cancer. Both treatments are now being assessed by European licensing bodies and could become available to UK patients within months, subject to approval. Although it is unclear if the NHS would be able to afford to use these relatively expensive drugs that cost tens of thousands of pounds. Professor Richard Marais, whose work at the Institute of Cancer Research demonstrated the importance of BRAF in melanoma, said: "This is the biggest breakthrough in melanoma treatment in more than 30 years. "The results demonstrate for the first time that a targeted therapy can work in melanoma and will change our approach to treating this disease. It is an enormous advance in the field." Professor Peter Johnson, Cancer Research UK's chief clinician, said: "For the first time, we have effective treatments becoming available for melanoma. "Both show how the research we have been doing is feeding through into help for patients. "It is a first step but a vitally important one, and it encourages us to redouble our efforts for people with this most dangerous type of skin cancer." Malignant melanoma kills more than 2,000 people in the UK each year, and more than 11,000 people annually develop the disease. Source: BBC