South Africans are voting in local elections after one of the most bitterly fought campaigns in years. The delivery of basic services like water, housing and jobs have been among the issues dominating campaigning. Long queues have been seen in the most hotly contested areas, such as Johannesburg and Cape Town, with the vote said to be fairly smooth. The ruling African National Congress (ANC) controls all of South Africa's nine provinces except the Western Cape. Analysts say the ANC is likely to remain the largest party, but is facing its strongest opposition since the end of apartheid in 1994. Uncovered toilets The BBC's Pumza Fihlani in Johannesburg says it is one of the most hotly contested local elections in recent years. The battle for control of municipalities in the key economic provinces like the Western Cape, currently controlled by the opposition Democratic Alliance (DA), and Gauteng has seen mud-slinging from party officials and aggressive door-to-door campaigning by senior party officials to rarely visited parts of the country, she says. Last week, President Jacob Zuma warned his countrymen that their ancestors would never forgive them if they voted against the ANC, which led the fight against white minority rule. Thousands of police officers have been deployed across the country, especially in areas where there have been violent protests to demand that the government provide services such running water, electricity and decent housing. There was a large police presence in Ficksburg in Free State province, where a man was allegedly shot dead by a group of officers during one such protest last month. The elections are considered a litmus test for President Zuma and the ANC. Some protesters say the services are not being delivered because of corruption by local ANC councillors, who face very little opposition in many parts of the country. A row over uncovered toilets has become the latest symbol of these demands. "We are living in a dirty place. I want our place to be nice, I am voting for change. There have been changes since 1994 but not enough," Adeline Ndlanzi, 58, told Reuters news agency as she waited to vote in the Soweto township near Johannesburg. "I want to see more employment created in this country for everyone. I am hoping my vote with make the government do more for its people," Nonhlanhla Dlamini, 19, told the BBC's Network Africa's programme as she voted in Springs township, east of Johannesburg. Some 23 million people are registered to vote. Polls remain open until 1900 local time (1700 GMT), with results expected on Thursday. Source: BBC