Makers of cigarettes, takeaway coffee cups and other sources of litter will pay for future garbage sweeps, Germany's environment minister has vowed. A study puts Germany's clean-up bill at €700 million yearly.

Interesting decision in Germany to make suppliers of litter pay for cleanup @KeepNIBeautiful @EnvironmentNI https://t.co/KzeUl84y9O 'You pay,' Germany tells suppliers of throwaway utensils

— Peter Osborne (@OsborneTweets) August 21, 2020

Environment Minister Svenja Schulze and Germany's 1,500 local body utilities insisted Thursday the future bills should be paid by suppliers whose throwaways end up quickly littering the landscape or in communal trash bins.

It was "only fair, that we disburden citizens and in turn ask the one-way manufacturers to front up on costs," Schulze told a Berlin press briefing.

In reaction, Germany's BVE foodstuffs federation acknowledged the EU's waste recycling strategy, including a 2019 directive against single-use plastics, but said it was "no free ticket" for local bodies to then present "extensive" financial demands.

Michael Ebling, who is president of the German Association of Local Utilities (VKU) and mayor of the city of Mainz, said the association's study showed that one-way plastics made up a fifth of Germany's total waste collected on streets and in parks.

Local bodies' total clean-up bill was €700 million ($834 million). Cigarette butt removal cost €225 and one-way plastic cups €120 million, found the VKU.

"Making manufacturers of certain disposable products financially responsible for the consequences of their environmentally damaging business models is an important step towards greater equity in the distribution of costs," said Ebling.

Don't replace plastic with paper

Minister Schulze said that, by summer 2021, plastic plates, single-use cutlery, plastic straws and Styropor cups should vanish from Germany's parks.

And, the solution was not replacing plastic with paper receptacles, Schulze said. "The alternative must be recycling."

Revenues from manufacturers should enable local bodies to "hire more personnel, acquire new sweeping machines or extra waste paper bins and ashtrays," she added, referring to the directive awaiting parliament transposition into German law.

Fine them hard, says FDP

Against charging manufacturers, Germany's opposition pro-business liberal Free Democrats (FDP) said the method instead should be rigorous imposition of fines.

"We must above all take to task those incorrigible environmental offenders who do not dispose of their waste properly and throw it into the environment," said Judith Skudelny, parliamentary FDP environmental policy spokeswoman.

Waste volume — 140 liters per person

The VKU study, based on surveys in 20 German cities, showed that communal rubbish services collected, per resident, per year, nearly 140 liters of street and parklands garbage that had landed in public trash bins, on roads, or in grass or bushes.

Collecting it and disposing of it cost communal authorities in total €700 million ($834 million) per year, or €8.30 per head of population.

Some 22% of the street and park collected was one-way plastic, including cigarette butts, and packaging. Metal, glass and paper packaging made up a further 17%.

Much of the remaining waste was plant material, sand, grit, waste foodstuffs and dog droppings.

Chief executive of Germany's Städtetag Association of German Cities, Gerd Landsberg told German SWR public broadcasting: "We have more and more disposable items in some cities, a real trash inundation in parks and on public streets." Suppliers of one-use items must contribute to the clean-up, he said.

The EU commission's stated target for municipal waste by 2030 is 65% recycling.

Germany's environmental lobby group Umwelthilfe said its separate survey of 65 large gastronomic, bakery and road service station chains showed that few of them participated in multi-use systems for eating and drinking.

The latest figures from the federal UBA environment agency indicate that Germany's total waste volume in 2018 was 417 million tons, including waste from industry. 

That represents an 11-percent decline on 2000, mainly due to reductions in construction and demolition waste.