Professor Peter Quartey, an economist, has stated that despite Ghana’s heavy borrowing over the past two decades, the expected investment and economic growth have not been achieved.

Instead, funds had been largely directed towards salaries and loan interest payments, rather than productive sectors.

Prof. Quartey, the Director of the Institute of Statistical, Social and Economic Research (ISSER) at the University of Ghana, called for urgent legislation of a 60 per cent debt ceiling and the development of a framework to ensure the matching of loans to investments to generate returns, spur economic growth, and improve citizens’ well-being.

The Development Economist said this during his inaugural lecture as a Fellow of the Ghana Academy of Arts and Sciences on Thursday, on the topic: “Debt, Investment, and Growth in Ghana: Did we borrow to consume?”

“Empirical analysis shows that public investment has limited impact on long term growth due to weak or circumvented project appraisal selection and management,” he said.

He cited the increase in the country’s debt from 42.9 per cent in 2013 to 82.9 per cent in 2023, before a drop to 61.8 per cent by end of 2024 due to the debt restructuring programme.

Capital spending, which stood at 6.9 per cent of the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2010 on the other hand, decreased to 2.4 per cent of GDP in 2023 and with a marginal rise to 2.5 per cent in 2024.

Capital spending, also known as capital expenditure (CapEx), goes into public infrastructure like roads, bridges, airports, technological advancements and research and development.

That was often intended to generate benefits over an extended period to stimulate economic growth, including creating jobs, increasing productivity, and improving competitiveness.

Prof Quartey attributed the mismatch between Ghana’s high debt and low investment and growth to lack of project selection and appraisal and weak framework for monitoring and evaluating projects.

He cited some instances where successive governments contracted debts but had little or nothing to show regarding their impact on investment returns and economic growth.

He noted that despite the disbursement of some US$12 million for the Pwalugu multi-purpose Dam project, for six years now, work was yet to be started on the 25,000 hectares irrigation scheme, which was also to generate 60MW of electricity in the Upper East Region.

“There is no rigor in the process for project approvals, especially for large projects. These challenges cause major delays in executing projects, which translates into poor execution,” Prof Quartey said.

“Funds invested were not efficiently utilised due to lack of competitive bidding and poor procurement practices. Ghana has a weak framework for monitoring and evaluating projects once they’re complete,” he added.

The Development Economist called for a framework to guide the matching of debt with strategic investments in productive sectors of the economy.

“Capital projects should be carefully selected through a national development planning process and not based on partisan interest. We must consider our medium-term strategy and what we want to achieve before we start,” he advised.